Skip to main content
    Adfix Agency - #1 SEO & Digital Marketing Agency in Bangladesh
    Manufacturing SEO services in Buffalo - expert manufacturing search optimization by Adfix Agency
    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Experts

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Services

    Grow your manufacturing business in Buffalo with data-driven SEO strategies that increase visibility, attract qualified leads, and deliver measurable revenue growth from organic search.

    Industry-Specific Strategy Local Market Expertise Proven ROI Results
    Step 1
    Free Consultation
    We analyze your manufacturing site
    Step 2
    Custom Strategy
    Tailored plan for manufacturing
    Step 3
    Get Results
    Watch your rankings & revenue grow
    Businesses in Buffalo see 3x more organic traffic
    Custom content strategies for your specific niche and audience
    Enterprise-grade tools with transparent monthly reporting
    Local Market Intelligence

    About Buffalo

    A snapshot of the Buffalo market: who lives here, what drives the economy, and the local landscape that shapes every campaign we run.

    Internet Access
    92%
    Competition
    High
    Business Density
    High
    Economic Focus
    Manufacturing
    Map Pack
    High

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Agency - Leading Experts

    We deliver specialized Buffalo manufacturing SEO services focused on organic traffic growth, conversion rate optimization, and content marketing strategy.

    Buffalo's growing digital economy has created a competitive online environment where businesses must invest in visibility to thrive and outperform rivals.

    With high competition levels, Buffalo businesses must go beyond basic SEO. Advanced link building, content authority, and technical excellence are non-negotiable.

    The local pack for searches in Buffalo has high competition. aggressive GBP optimization and review generation are essential to secure map pack visibility.

    The manufacturing landscape in Buffalo has evolved dramatically over the past few years. Traditional word-of-mouth referrals, while still valuable, now take a back seat to online searches and digital reviews. Buffalo consumers increasingly turn to Google to discover, compare, and choose manufacturing providers, making search optimization the cornerstone of any growth strategy.

    Demand for manufacturing services in Buffalo is being reshaped by demographic transitions in surrounding neighborhoods, with younger households exhibiting markedly different research habits than the previous generation. These newer buyers expect mobile-optimized experiences, instant access to pricing transparency, and authentic review histories before they ever pick up the phone. SEO strategies in Buffalo that ignore this generational shift will progressively lose share to operators who embrace it.

    ROI Metrics

    Avg CPC$3-7
    Conv. Rate1.5%
    Lead Value$10,000-1,000,000
    Avg ROI22x

    Why Buffalo Manufacturing Businesses Need Professional SEO

    The manufacturing market in Buffalo is increasingly competitive online, with businesses fighting for visibility across Google Search, Maps, and AI-powered platforms. Understanding this landscape is critical for any manufacturing business looking to grow their customer base and revenue through organic search.

    Strategic patience pays unusually high dividends in Buffalo's manufacturing SEO landscape because the businesses willing to invest steadily for two to three quarters before judging results almost always outperform those chasing quick wins. Search engines reward consistency and depth, and the manufacturing operators in Buffalo who treat SEO as a multi-year discipline rather than a quarterly experiment build moats that competitors find prohibitively expensive to cross.

    Competitive intelligence in Buffalo's manufacturing market shows that the businesses ranking highest invest consistently in content freshness. They update existing pages quarterly, publish new authoritative content monthly, and respond to industry trends within days. This velocity of content production signals relevance to search engines and keeps competitors at bay.

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Challenges Businesses Face

    Understanding the unique challenges facing manufacturing businesses in Buffalo is the first step toward building an effective SEO strategy.

    01

    B2B search visibility

    manufacturers need to reach procurement managers and business buyers, not consumers

    02

    Complex product specifications requiring detailed, technical product pages

    03

    International market targeting for export-oriented manufacturers

    04

    Differentiating from competitors with similar products and capabilities

    05

    Limited content creation resources in manufacturing companies

    Common Pitfalls

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Mistakes Businesses Must Avoid

    These common errors cost Buffalo manufacturing businesses thousands in lost revenue every month.

    Mistake #1

    Ignoring Local Manufacturing Keywords

    Many manufacturing businesses in Buffalo target broad national terms instead of location-specific keywords that actually drive local conversions.

    Mistake #2

    Neglecting Google Business Profile

    Your GBP is often the first thing Buffalo customers see. Incomplete or unoptimized profiles mean lost visibility in local pack results.

    Mistake #3

    Poor Mobile Experience

    Over 60% of manufacturing searches happen on mobile. A slow or unresponsive site directly impacts your rankings and conversion rates.

    Mistake #4

    Thin Content Strategy

    Publishing generic content that does not address specific manufacturing questions your Buffalo audience is asking misses high-intent traffic.

    Mistake #5

    Missing Schema Markup

    Without proper structured data, search engines cannot fully understand your manufacturing services, reducing rich snippet opportunities.

    Mistake #6

    Ignoring Review Management

    Online reviews directly impact local rankings. Buffalo manufacturing businesses that neglect review acquisition fall behind competitors.

    Why Adfix

    Why Buffalo Manufacturing Businesses Choose Adfix Agency

    Your Dedicated Manufacturing Growth Partner in Buffalo

    • Deep expertise in manufacturing SEO strategies and conversion optimization
    • Proven track record with manufacturing businesses across United States
    • Data-driven approach using enterprise-grade tools and AI-powered insights
    • Transparent reporting with clear ROI metrics and monthly strategy calls

    Manufacturing Specialists

    Deep industry expertise with proven strategies tailored to your specific niche and market dynamics.

    Data-Driven Results

    Every decision backed by real analytics, competitor data, and search trend intelligence.

    Transparent Reporting

    Full visibility into rankings, traffic, and ROI with detailed monthly reports and live dashboards.

    AI-Optimized SEO

    Leveraging cutting-edge AI tools for content optimization, keyword discovery, and competitive analysis.

    Buffalo Market Expertise

    Local knowledge of search patterns, competition, and consumer behavior in Buffalo.

    Flexible SEO Plans

    Scalable packages that grow with your business. No long-term lock-ins, cancel anytime.

    Our Approach

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Process - How It Works

    A proven, data-driven approach tailored to Buffalo's manufacturing market dynamics.

    01
    1

    Product specification page optimization with detailed technical data and downloadable catalogs

    Product specification page optimization with detailed technical data and downloadable catalogs

    02
    2

    B2B content marketing targeting procurement and supply chain decision-makers

    B2B content marketing targeting procurement and supply chain decision-makers

    03
    3

    International SEO for export markets with country-specific targeting and content

    International SEO for export markets with country-specific targeting and content

    04
    4

    Industry directory and B2B marketplace profile optimization

    Industry directory and B2B marketplace profile optimization

    05
    5

    Case study content showcasing manufacturing capabilities and quality standards

    Case study content showcasing manufacturing capabilities and quality standards

    AI-Powered SEO

    Buffalo Manufacturing AI SEO & GEO Services

    As AI-powered search tools become mainstream, Buffalo manufacturing businesses need strategies that ensure visibility across both traditional and AI-driven search platforms.

    Google AI Overviews

    • Optimize manufacturing content for AI snippets
    • Structured data for entity recognition
    • Comprehensive topical authority building

    ChatGPT & Perplexity

    • Position your manufacturing business as AI-recommended
    • Knowledge graph optimization
    • Content designed for AI comprehension

    Voice & Smart Assistants

    • Conversational manufacturing content for voice
    • FAQ optimization for featured snippets
    • Local data sync across AI platforms
    ROI Calculator

    See Your Potential SEO Returns

    Input your industry and monthly budget to get realistic traffic, lead, and revenue projections

    $500$5,000
    2,000 visits
    Monthly Traffic
    64 leads
    Monthly Leads
    $28,800/mo
    Est. Revenue
    1340%
    Projected ROI

    For every $1 invested, earn $14 back

    *Projections based on industry averages over 6-12 months. Actual results may vary.

    Deliverables

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Monthly Deliverables

    1
    Month 1
    Foundation & Audit
    • Complete manufacturing website audit
    • Buffalo competitor landscape analysis
    • Keyword research and content strategy
    • Technical SEO fixes implementation
    2
    Month 2
    Content & Optimization
    • Manufacturing service page optimization
    • Buffalo local SEO setup
    • Google Business Profile optimization
    • Initial content creation (4 pieces)
    3
    Month 3
    Authority Building
    • Manufacturing industry link building
    • Citation management and cleanup
    • Buffalo local directory submissions
    • Performance reporting and strategy refinement
    4+
    Month 4+
    Growth & Scale
    • Advanced content marketing
    • Conversion rate optimization
    • Buffalo market expansion strategy
    • Monthly reporting with ROI analysis
    Technical Excellence

    Technical SEO for Buffalo Manufacturing Websites

    A technically sound website is the foundation of every successful manufacturing SEO campaign in Buffalo. Our technical audits cover every element that affects your search performance.

    Internal linking architecture has emerged as one of the most underestimated technical levers for manufacturing sites in Buffalo. A deliberate hub-and-spoke structure that consolidates topical authority into pillar pages, then distributes that authority to supporting service and location pages through contextual links, can lift rankings across an entire site without any new external link acquisition. This single optimization often produces faster gains than any other technical fix.

    For manufacturing businesses in Buffalo, technical SEO goes beyond basic site speed. We conduct deep crawl analysis to identify and fix indexation issues, canonicalization errors, and structured data gaps that prevent your pages from ranking. Our team implements manufacturing-specific schema markup that helps search engines understand your services, pricing, and service areas throughout Buffalo.

    Core Web Vitals optimization is especially critical for manufacturing sites in Buffalo, where mobile users make up over 78% of search traffic. We ensure your Largest Contentful Paint, First Input Delay, and Cumulative Layout Shift scores exceed Google's thresholds, directly improving both rankings and user experience.

    Site Architecture Audit

    Complete crawl analysis of your manufacturing website's URL structure, internal linking, and information hierarchy

    Core Web Vitals

    Performance optimization targeting LCP < 2.5s, FID < 100ms, and CLS < 0.1 for Buffalo mobile users

    Schema Markup

    Implementation of Manufacturing-specific structured data including LocalBusiness, Service, and FAQ schemas

    Mobile-First Optimization

    Responsive design audit and AMP/PWA assessment for Buffalo's mobile-dominant search market

    Crawl Budget Management

    Ensuring Google efficiently crawls and indexes your most valuable manufacturing pages

    Security & HTTPS

    SSL certificate validation, mixed content fixes, and security headers that build trust with Buffalo visitors

    Content Strategy

    Manufacturing Content Strategy for Buffalo Market Dominance

    Content is the engine that drives organic visibility. Our Buffalo manufacturing content strategy targets every stage of the buyer journey.

    Long-form pillar content built around the core manufacturing questions Buffalo buyers ask consistently outranks shorter competitor pages, but only when the depth is genuine rather than padded. A 3,000-word page that thoroughly answers a query, supported by original data, expert quotes, and locally relevant examples, can dominate its niche for years. The economics of producing this caliber of content favor businesses willing to invest in true subject-matter expertise rather than generic content production.

    Our content team creates manufacturing-specific assets designed to capture Buffalo search demand at every funnel stage. Top-of-funnel educational content targets broad awareness queries, while middle-of-funnel comparison guides and case studies nurture prospects toward conversion. Bottom-of-funnel service pages with strong local signals convert high-intent searchers into leads.

    We build content clusters around your core manufacturing services, establishing topical authority that Google rewards with higher rankings. Each content piece is optimized for both traditional search and AI-powered discovery platforms, ensuring your Buffalo business appears in ChatGPT recommendations, Google AI Overviews, and Perplexity answers.

    Pillar Content

    Comprehensive guides covering core manufacturing topics in Buffalo

    • 2,500-4,000 word authority pieces
    • Internally linked topic clusters
    • E-E-A-T optimized authorship

    Local Content

    Buffalo-specific content targeting local search intent

    • Neighborhood service pages
    • Local case studies and results
    • Community involvement stories

    Conversion Content

    High-intent pages designed to convert Buffalo visitors

    • Service comparison pages
    • ROI calculators and tools
    • Client success stories
    Authority Building

    Buffalo Manufacturing Link Building & Authority Strategy

    High-quality backlinks remain one of the strongest ranking signals. Our manufacturing-specific link building strategy builds genuine authority in Buffalo's market.

    Podcast guesting and expert commentary placements provide an underused but highly effective backlink channel for manufacturing businesses in Buffalo. Show notes typically include a backlink to the guest's site, the audience exposure builds branded search demand, and the perceived authority from being featured as an expert reinforces E-E-A-T signals that Google's algorithms increasingly weight in their ranking decisions.

    For manufacturing businesses in Buffalo, generic link building simply does not work. We focus on acquiring links from industry-relevant publications, Buffalo business directories, professional associations, and local media outlets that Google recognizes as authoritative sources for your niche. Every link we build passes editorial review and adds genuine referral value.

    Our digital PR team creates data-driven stories and expert commentary opportunities that naturally attract coverage from journalists and bloggers in Buffalo and across United States. This earned media approach builds sustainable authority that compounds over time, unlike paid link schemes that risk penalties.

    01
    Industry-Specific Outreach

    We target manufacturing publications, trade journals, and professional organizations relevant to Buffalo businesses for high-authority editorial placements.

    02
    Local Citation Building

    Comprehensive NAP consistency across Buffalo business directories, chamber of commerce listings, and local industry associations that strengthen your local SEO signals.

    03
    Digital PR & Media

    Expert commentary placement, data-driven press releases, and thought leadership content that earns natural links from United States's top news outlets.

    04
    Competitor Link Analysis

    Reverse-engineering your Buffalo manufacturing competitors' backlink profiles to identify and replicate their most valuable link sources.

    Market Intelligence

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Trends & Industry Statistics

    Data-driven insights that inform our manufacturing SEO strategies in Buffalo. Understanding these trends is essential for staying ahead of competitors.

    Key Manufacturing Statistics

    1

    United States's manufacturing sector contributes 21% to GDP

    2

    78% of B2B procurement starts with online research

    3

    Manufacturers with detailed product pages get 3.5x more inquiries

    4

    Industrial B2B searches grew 45% in United States in 2024

    2026 Manufacturing SEO Trends

    Industry 4.0 Content

    Smart manufacturing and IoT-related searches are creating new content opportunities for forward-thinking manufacturers

    Sustainable Manufacturing

    Green manufacturing and sustainability searches are growing rapidly among international buyers

    Digital Supply Chain

    B2B buyers increasingly use digital channels to find and vet manufacturers, making SEO essential

    Video Factory Showcases

    Manufacturing process videos on YouTube are becoming key decision tools for B2B buyers

    What These Numbers Mean for Your Buffalo Manufacturing Business

    The manufacturing landscape in Buffalo is evolving rapidly. Businesses that invest in comprehensive SEO now will capture the growing wave of manufacturing-related searches. With high competition and high business density, Buffalo presents significant challenges but massive reward potential in manufacturing SEO.

    Buffalo Manufacturing Local Market Analysis

    The manufacturing market in Buffalo is shaped by the city's Manufacturing, Healthcare, Education economic focus. With a population of 278K and 92% internet penetration, Buffalo represents one of the most digitally active markets for manufacturing services in United States.

    Local search behavior in Buffalo reveals distinct patterns for manufacturing queries. "Near me" searches dominate mobile traffic, while desktop users tend toward comparison and research-oriented queries. Our strategy addresses both segments with location-optimized landing pages, Google Business Profile management, and review acquisition campaigns tailored to Buffalo's market.

    Competition analysis shows that Buffalo's manufacturing sector has high Google Map Pack saturation. This means aggressive optimization is needed to break into the local 3-pack, but the reward in terms of call volume and foot traffic is substantial. We prioritize Google Business Profile optimization, local citation building, and review management to ensure your manufacturing business dominates local search results in Buffalo.

    278K
    Buffalo Population
    92%
    Internet Penetration
    High
    SEO Difficulty Level
    Our Process

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Results - Our Process

    Step 1

    Comprehensive Discovery

    Deep-dive into your manufacturing market, competitors, and local search landscape in Buffalo to identify growth opportunities.

    Step 2

    Full-Spectrum Audit

    Complete technical, on-page, and off-page audit of your manufacturing website to uncover ranking barriers.

    Step 3

    Custom Strategy Blueprint

    Tailored SEO roadmap with prioritized actions, keyword targets, and content calendar for your manufacturing business.

    Step 4

    Multi-Channel Execution

    Execute optimizations across technical SEO, content, local listings, and link building for your manufacturing in Buffalo.

    Step 5

    Performance & ROI Reporting

    Track rankings, traffic, and conversions with transparent monthly reporting and iterative strategy refinement.

    Top Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Keywords

    These high-value keywords drive qualified traffic to manufacturing businesses in Buffalo.

    1.manufacturer Buffalo
    Informational
    2.manufacturing factory Buffalo
    Transactional
    3.industrial supplier Buffalo
    Local
    4.OEM manufacturer Buffalo
    Commercial
    5.wholesale manufacturing Buffalo
    Informational
    6.manufacturing company Buffalo
    Transactional
    7.manufacturing exporter Buffalo
    Local
    8.bulk supplier Buffalo
    Commercial
    9.Buffalo industrial zone
    Informational
    10.factory direct manufacturing Buffalo
    Transactional
    Results

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Success Stories

    A Buffalo manufacturing company had zero online presence beyond a basic website. Adfix Agency implemented product catalog SEO, B2B content strategy, and international targeting, resulting in 700% more B2B traffic and 800% increase in request-for-quote submissions.

    Monthly B2B Traffic
    1591,272
    RFQ Submissions
    2/month19/month
    5.0
    Google Rating (24 Reviews)
    340%
    Avg Traffic Growth
    24+
    5-Star Reviews
    92%
    Client Retention

    What Our Clients Say

    Trusted by businesses across Bangladesh. See our reviews on Google and Trustpilot.

    "Our business doubled its online revenue after partnering with the top Google ranking agency in Bangladesh. Their automation capabilities saved us countless hours while improving our marketing efficiency across every channel. Our business has grown by over 300% since we started working with Adfix. They changed the game for us. They are the top Google ranking agency in Bangladesh, and I'll stand by that recommendation every single time."

    William Clarke  -  satisfied SEO client of Adfix Agency Bangladesh
    William Clarke
    Google Review

    "We were hesitant about investing in SEO until Adfix presented a clear, data-backed strategy. They managed our entire SEO campaign with precision, from technical fixes to content creation and link building. We've recommended Adfix to multiple business owners, and every one of them has seen incredible results."

    Jonathan Reed  -  satisfied SEO client of Adfix Agency Bangladesh
    Jonathan Reed
    Google Review

    "Adfix Agency has been instrumental in transforming our digital presence. Their technical expertise combined with creative content strategies created a powerful combination that drove real business growth. Working with Adfix is the best investment we've made in our business's digital future. For the premier digital marketing firm in Bangladesh, look no further than Adfix Agency - period."

    Hannah Richardson  -  satisfied SEO client of Adfix Agency Bangladesh
    Hannah Richardson
    Google Review

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Trust Signals and Authority

    Google's E-E-A-T guidelines are especially critical for manufacturing businesses. Here is how we build your online authority:

    Expert-Led Strategy

    Every campaign led by certified SEO professionals with deep expertise in your manufacturing industry.

    Verified Results Portfolio

    Case studies with real metrics that demonstrate consistent, measurable growth for manufacturing businesses.

    Transparent & Accountable

    Complete visibility into strategy, execution, and results with no hidden practices or black-hat techniques.

    Industry Recognition

    Awards, certifications, and client testimonials that validate our expertise in manufacturing search marketing.

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO Guide

    Aggregated search data from Buffalo shows that manufacturing-related queries have grown at a double-digit annual pace for several years running, while the supply of high-quality content addressing those queries has lagged. This persistent gap between demand and quality supply is the single most exploitable opportunity in Buffalo's manufacturing market today, and it favors businesses willing to commit to a serious, sustained content development program.

    The lifetime value of a customer acquired through organic search for manufacturing businesses in Buffalo significantly exceeds that of customers from other channels. Organic search visitors arrive with higher purchase intent, greater trust in the businesses they find, and a stronger likelihood of becoming repeat customers and referral sources.

    A competitor audit of the manufacturing space in Buffalo reveals that most businesses are underinvesting in structured data and schema markup. A technical advantage that can dramatically improve click-through rates from search results. Implementing comprehensive manufacturing-specific schema gives your Buffalo business an immediate edge over competitors with bare-bones technical SEO.

    Accessibility compliance (WCAG 2.1 AA) is becoming an increasingly important ranking signal for manufacturing businesses in Buffalo. Search engines reward websites that provide inclusive experiences. Proper heading hierarchies, alt text, keyboard navigation, and ARIA labels not only serve users with disabilities but also help search engines better understand and rank your content.

    Topical authority mapping for manufacturing businesses in Buffalo involves creating interconnected content clusters that comprehensively cover every facet of your service area. A central pillar page targeting 'manufacturing in Buffalo' supported by detailed subtopic pages creates the depth and breadth of coverage that Google rewards with higher rankings across the entire topic cluster.

    HARO (Help A Reporter Out) and journalist outreach campaigns are highly effective for building authoritative backlinks for manufacturing businesses in Buffalo. Providing expert commentary on manufacturing trends to journalists covering Buffalo's business landscape earns editorial links from high-domain-authority news sites that dramatically accelerate ranking improvements.

    In Buffalo's dynamic manufacturing market, search engine optimization has become the primary differentiator between thriving businesses and those struggling to attract new clients. With 92% internet penetration across United States and growing smartphone adoption, manufacturing searches in Buffalo have surged, creating unprecedented opportunities for businesses that invest in professional SEO services.

    Strategic patience pays unusually high dividends in Buffalo's manufacturing SEO landscape because the businesses willing to invest steadily for two to three quarters before judging results almost always outperform those chasing quick wins. Search engines reward consistency and depth, and the manufacturing operators in Buffalo who treat SEO as a multi-year discipline rather than a quarterly experiment build moats that competitors find prohibitively expensive to cross.

    Competitor link analysis in Buffalo's manufacturing space frequently uncovers high-value placement opportunities on local resource pages, industry association sites, and Buffalo-focused publications that your business has never approached. Systematically pursuing these opportunities through tailored outreach campaigns generates the kind of authoritative, locally-relevant backlinks that move rankings in a way that generic link building never can.

    For manufacturing websites in Buffalo, technical optimization must address industry-specific requirements. This includes implementing appropriate schema types, ensuring proper site architecture that allows search engines to crawl and index all service pages efficiently, optimizing Core Web Vitals for competitive advantage, and maintaining an XML sitemap that reflects current service offerings.

    Conversion Factors for Manufacturing in Buffalo

    Production capacity information
    Quality certification display
    Sample/quote request forms
    Factory tour scheduling
    MOQ and pricing transparency

    Manufacturing SEO in Nearby Cities

    Free Competitor Analysis

    What Keywords Is Your Competitor Ranking For?

    Enter your competitor's website and we'll send you a free gap analysis showing exactly which keywords they rank for that you're missing.

    See which keywords your competitor ranks for
    Discover content gaps you can exploit
    Get a prioritized action roadmap

    No spam. Detailed report delivered to your inbox within 24 hours.

    Free Consultation

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO - Get Your Free Audit

    Start growing your Buffalo business with SEO today. Our manufacturing SEO experts will analyze your website, competition, and market opportunity in Buffalo.

    Full manufacturing competitive analysis
    Custom keyword strategy with traffic projections
    ROI forecast based on industry benchmarks
    Content roadmap for the first 90 days
    Transparent pricing with no hidden fees
    Free Consultation

    Get Your Custom Manufacturing SEO Proposal

    Tell us about your manufacturing business in Buffalo and receive a tailored SEO strategy within 24 hours.

    Why choose us
    Custom Strategy
    Response in 24h
    100% Free, No Obligation

    Imagine Your Business Ranking #1

    0
    Monthly Organic Visitors
    0
    Revenue Growth
    0
    Brand Searches

    This is what the Adfix Growth Engine delivers. Precision-engineered organic dominance for your business.

    Written and reviewed by

    Founder and SEO Expert, Adfix Agency Ltd. - 8+ years running technical SEO, local search and paid campaigns for businesses across Bangladesh, the US, Australia and New Zealand.

    Last reviewed 13 April 2026
    Common Questions

    Buffalo Manufacturing SEO FAQ

    Everything you need to know before getting started. Can't find the answer you're looking for? Reach out to our team.

    Explore More Pages

    Related SEO services for Buffalo businesses.

    4 people viewing this page